Impact of Normans Conquest on Ireland

Impact of Normans Conquest on Ireland Daragh Mc Mullan    Use archaeological, historical and literary evidence to assess the impact of the Norman conquest on Irelands political, social, economic and cultural systems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland Introduction The Norman conquest of Ireland commenced in 1169, the immediate aftermath saw Ireland under a rotation of control by Anglo Norman lords and the King of England with challenge from the Irish.   Up to this point, Ireland had seen recurrent conflict between provincial kingdoms who strived for High King status and the arrival of the Normans would throw what structure the Irish had into disarray.   The invaders had a long history with conquering foreign lands but this time there were numerous distractions and troublesome conquests elsewhere to deal with.   These distractions would almost result in a loss of control in Ireland and defeat to the native Irish. (http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1100.htm, n.d.) Political Impact In the mid-12th and early 13th century there was major political change for the Irish.   The King of England made Ireland a Lordship of his own empire and because of this the Irish went from securing title by defeat of local rivals to battling for possession of their own land from foreigners.   The formation of the Parliament of Ireland in 1297 allowed the Anglo-Norman Lords to exercise control and implement their politics.   At this time the island was politically divided into several overkingdoms, the main focal point was the Abbey.   The Irish legal system known as the Brehon Law continued outside the controlled area but prisons were established as per Henry IIs reforms. Overall the Norman political impact was substantial but it lacked structure and more importantly continuity, and the troublesome times during the early and mid-14th century resulted in a loss of control and Ireland was far from under complete control of the British for over the two centuries that followed. Social Cultural Impact The social and cultural landscape of Ireland experienced changes, some events were devastating namely the famine and the Black Death.   Some events, while chaotic, had good intention.   The invasion by Robert the Bruce brought fierce battle against the English lords, there was extensive destruction and eventually the Scot was defeated but during the clash Irish families regained control of lands lost to them in previous combat.   During the settlement period the Normans living outside Dublin and the area known as The Pale embraced the Irish language and their customs, they married into the clans, and coincidentally the native Irish also became like the Normans in many ways.   Even today we still have evidence of this in the provinces of Munster and Leinster with many Norman origin surnames, Power, Roche and Burke. Towns were perhaps the Normans greatest contribution to their new conquest.   The increase in population saw the nobles invest in the construction of walled towns, numerous castles and churches changed Ireland and a system of counties commenced in 1297.   The Church made a move to centre the congregation diocese . (http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1300.htm, n.d.) Economic Impact The Norman invasion brought a lot of changes to the economic situation in Ireland.  Ã‚   The economy was mainly based on cows, sheep, pigs, goats and the products they produced.   Cattle was the main asset as it provided milk, butter, cheese and meat.   A herd of any type was considered a wealth and had the added benefit that it could be moved to safety in times of war.   The Normans began to import tenants to occupy and work their newly acquired lands, horticulture was practiced prior to the Norman settlement, the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, but this increased during this time.   This would boost the agricultural trade and was one of the many changes brought by the Norman invasion and occupation of Ireland.   They introduced feudalism to the existing native tribal-dynastic crop-sharing system.   Feudalism was intended to introduce cash payments into farming.   Money was rarely used in medieval Gaelic society, as payment was normally made in goods or serv ice. (http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1400.htm, n.d.) Conclusion The transition from a nation to being part of the Tudor conquest was a turbulent road for the Irish.  Ã‚   In the end the continuous rebellion was not enough to free them from the grasp of the expanding British Crowned forces.   They co-existed to a certain extent with the placed nobles and later with the Hiberno Normans but the Monarchy expected a respect from the Gaelic Irish that just would not be given.   The decline of the Monastic Abbeys and then the pressure on Christianity by newly founded rival churches and the implication of surrender and regrant where the Irish had to abandon their land, culture and religion in exchange for an English earldom meant that the ordinary native Irish people stood little chance at retaining their identity against the Tudor expansion. (http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1500.htm, n.d.) Barry, T. (1987). The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland. London: Routledge. Ellis, S. G. (1998). Ireland in the Age of the Tudors 1447-1603. London: Longman. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1100.htm. (n.d.). http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1200.htm. (n.d.). http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1300.htm. (n.d.). http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1400.htm. (n.d.). http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1500.htm. (n.d.). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)#cite_note-2. (n.d.).

‘I Spy’ by Graham Greene

What Is The Significance Of The Title?The title (‘I Spy'), is significant because it shows the similarities between Charlie Stowe and his father. Also because without it we would never come to assume that Charlie Stowe's father is in fact a spy, who is being arrested for spying for the Germans or the ‘Huns' as his wife calls them. This creates the effect of dramatic irony as Charlie, who has observed exactly what we see, does not relise why his father has been taken away by two strangers in ‘belted mackintoshes'.How Does Greene Establish The Similarity between Charlie Stowe And His Father?Greene establishes a similarity between Charlie and his father by making them say nearly the same kind of things. For example, Charlie thinks that he â€Å"†¦ might as well have his smoke.† then later on, his father says â€Å"†¦ may as well have my smokes†. These are quite the same, thus establishing a similarity between the two characters. Also, they both use proverbs a lot of the time. For Example Charlie says â€Å"May as well be hung for a sheep†, which is, of course, a well known proverb. His father, later on, says â€Å"Never do today what you can do tomorrow†, again, this is another proverb. A further example to establish a similarity is that they both do the same action when they are nervous. For instance, they both grip their collar when they are worried. We know this because Charlie â€Å"clenched his fingers on the collar of his night shirt† and then his father â€Å"stood, one hand held high stiff collar. Greene further establishes the similarity between father and son by making them â€Å"both do things in the dark that frighten them†.Also Greene specifically outlines the point that the pair are similar when he writes â€Å"†¦his father was very much like himself†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Also both of them are terrified of being caught/are being caught. To further their similarity, they both don't wish to wake their mother/wife, as Greene writes â€Å"†¦he moved with caution and tiptoed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ,(about Charlie), and then â€Å"I don't want  to wake the family† ,(about Charlie's father). They are similar, not just by the reasons above, by that they are both spying and doing something illegal. Charlie is spying on his father and stealing some cigarettes, while his father is being arrested for spying on the Germans, which is, of course, illegal. Greene establishes the similarity in many ways, including the ones outlined above, in order to provoke emotion and regret.The Story Is Almost Entirely From Charlie's Point Of View. How Does Greene Achieve This?Greene achieves this in a multitude of ways that are outlined below:-He writes about Charlie's feelings. â€Å"Charlie Stowe was frightened† is just one example of this. He also writes as if we are seeing every thing from his point of view. (literally and psychologically). Greene pens Charlie's experienc e. For example, we do not know from the start of the story that his father was spying on the Germans, it is only near the end we start to relise that his father was doing such devious acts of criminality. The story begins with Charlie alone getting out of bed and then ends when Charlie falls asleep. It is like we are looking over his shoulder all the time. Also, we don't know anything about Charlie, so a lot of the description is left to our imagination, so it is as if we have been plunged into the tale with know prior knowledge of Charlie and his capers.All of this gives off a sense of dramatic irony because, although we still see what Charlie sees, we can deduce things that Charlie cannot because of his limited mental ability as a twelve year old.What Atmosphere Is Created In The Story And How?There are many atmospheres created by Greene. So many in fact that I will only list some of them. These are :-An air of mystery. This is created through description, or rather lack of it! Th is is because we know next to nothing about Charlie Stowe, and even less  about his father! Also there is a rather menacing feel about the story. This is because of the use of â€Å"lurking† as in ‘†¦the ‘Huns' who, the monsters lurking in the Zeppelins in the clouds† There is also an atmosphere regarding indifference, when it comes to stealing the cigarettes. This is because Charlie doesn't even bat an eyelid when he takes some of his father's merchandise. Finally, there is a general sense of regret at the end of the story as Charlie realises that â€Å"It would have please him to go down to his father and tell him that he loved him†, but it was all too late for him as â€Å"he could hear through the window, the quick steps going away†.

Competitive Sport And Its Effect On Sports - 724 Words

Competitive sport initially was an activity shared by people as a way of taking their minds off the woes and miseries of life whether it be by spectating or being directly involved with the game. Competitive sport should be used as a way to socialise with friends through an activity which all enjoy. Looking at sport today we wonder how it got to this point of failure. Competitive sport in the 21st century is riddled with cheating, corruption and exploiting the lapses in the system. Money laundering, illegal gambling, pseudo identities, the list goes on and on. I addition to all these filthy traits, sport has been sufficiently supplying serious lifelong suffering injuries to people ranging from early childhood to old age. Sport has become a blemish that is deeply set within our society’s culture. It is well known around the world that sport generates most of its profits not off the spectators nor advertising but the people wagering money on games or races. Of the projected $95 billion dollars bet on NFL and college football in America in 2015, $93 billion will be done illegally. â€Å"Illegal sports betting is reaching new heights of popularity in America states† American Gaming Association President and CEO Geoff Freeman during a press release. The seriousness of illegal gambling in America and around the world is unprecedented and increasing at chilling rates. The 2014 Super Bowl alone generated nearly $4 billion in illegal bets. Many experts and government officials are callingShow MoreRelatedThe Positive Effects of a Students Participation in Competitive Sports558 Words   |  2 PagesA student’s participation in competitive sports has a positive effect on the students’ academic performance. Although this may take time away from studying, physical ac tivity helps improve functionality of the brain. This is an improvement in the student’s mental ability. In this essay I will discuss how and why participation in sports has appositive impact on a student’s academic performance. Firstly, I will discuss how sports have a positive effect on a student’s academic performance. FollowedRead MoreCompetitive Sports Effect The Body On Positive And Negative Ways Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesCompetitive sports effect the body in positive and negative ways. Sports can be good for a persons character and often result in life long friendships, and bonds. Sports join the world in an inseparable bond, that is competition. Swimming is a beautiful sport that takes grace and endurance. Swimming also builds lung endurance. But, the chlorine in the pools cause respiratory issues such as asthma. We must start to fix this issue to restore health to swimmers. For most of my life I have competitivelyRead MoreCompetitive Anxiety in Sp orts Performance722 Words   |  3 PagesCompetitive Anxiety is one of the most widely researched topics in sport psychology (Woodman Hardy, 2001), focusing on the symptoms and consequences of Competitive Anxiety. The reason why Competitive Anxiety has been selected is because it is able to look at the effects of Anxiety on Sport Performance. I believe this is important as it distinguishes the difference between those who are able to calm competitive anxiety (such as Self Talk), which may suggest a reason as to why certain athletes achieveRead MoreCompetitive Sports Should Be Allowed For Young Kids And Teenagers1416 Words   |  6 Pageswhether competitive sports should be allowed or not. Competitive sports have been going on for a while now (164 years ago, to be exact) so why stop now? 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She also persuaded that both contact and non contact sports played by kindergarten have side effects on theRead MoreCollege Athletes Research Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction At the time of its inception in 1906, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was a non-profit organization mandated with the management of athletics and sports in colleges and universities across the United States and Canada. The board had a unique operational structure that provided payments and stipends to the student-athletes through a model known as altruism. The model limited the benefits the student-athletes drew from the association to their necessities in the collegesRead MoreThe Importance Of Sports1189 Words   |  5 PagesSports are one of the most watched pieces of entertainment in America, and around the world. People watch sports because you never know the outcomes of the games, and because you can root for your chosen team. When a person thinks a about a sport the first thing that comes to their head is probably something like football or soccer, but what about chess or even video games. Sports are usually thought of as games that require strength and phy sical skill to preform, but sports should be defined byRead MoreCase Analysis : Initial Evaluation Of Investment1151 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary: Champ Sport Analysis of Initial Evaluation of Investment The provided information is used to access whether investment propose by the Rich Stenson, marketing manager, is feasible or not. The NPV analysis is made to assess the feasibility of Champ Sport investment in alloy which will be used to produce and sell metal baseball bats. The calculations made in the appendix show that the investment made in alloy will generate the positive net present value of USD 1188 and the IRR ofRead MoreYouth Sports : A Trend That Has Touched Every Household1666 Words   |  7 PagesYouth sports in America have become a trend that has touched every household. Sports have become so ingrained in American culture that toddlers have even begun to experience it. Almost all children from the ages of six to ten have kicked a soccer ball or hit a ball with a bat. While studies have shown that youth team sports have a tremendous positive impact on a child’s social development, many children have run into serious injuries. Some of these injuries can require extensive surgeries, rehabilitationRead MoreThe Effects Of Psychological Emotional On Sport Performance1582 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional states on sport performance Literature Review In Martin and Gill’s experiment done in 1991, the relationship among trait and state psychological variables and performance in male high school distance runners were measured. 73 male middle and long distance runners ranging from 14 to 18 years of age were used to examine trait and state psychological variables and performance. A Competitive Orientation Inventory and Sport Orientation Questionnaire were used to measure competitive orientation measures

Presidential Candidates and the Death Penalty

Unlike past presidential elections, national interest in the candidates positions on the death penalty has waned, partly due to a decline in the number of states that no longer allow capital punishment. Furthermore, the rate of violent crimes in the United States has steadily decreased for 20 years, that is, until 2015 when, according to the FBI, the incidences of violent crime rose to 1.7 percent which included a 6 percent increase in homicides. History has shown that when the crime numbers are up, more people are pro-death penalty and interest in the position political candidates take on the issue becomes more important to voters. Lessons Learned A good example of rising crime statistics determining voter interest in the death penalty was the 1988 presidential election between Michael Dukakis and George H. W. Bush.  The national murder rate was averaging around 8.4 percent and 76 percent of Americans were for the death penalty, the second highest number since recording began in 1936. Dukakis was portrayed as being too liberal and soft on crime. He received a fair amount of criticism because he was opposed to the death penalty. An incident that many believe sealed his fate as losing the election occurred during an October 13, 1988, debate between Dukakis and Bush. When the moderator, Bernard Shaw, asked Dukakis if he would be in favor of the death penalty if his wife were raped and murdered, Dukakis replied that he would not favor it and reiterated that he was opposed to the death penalty all of his life. The general consensus was that his answer was cold and his national poll numbers plummeted the very night of the debate. Despite the fact that the majority in the U.S. is still in favor of the death penalty, opposition to state executions is rising: at 38 percent opposing the ultimate penalty for a crime, this is the highest level of opposition to capital punishment. Where do todays presidential candidates stand on the death penalty in the face of rising opposition against it? The  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994   The  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 was signed into law by President Bill Clinton. It was the largest crime bill in U.S. history. Along with adding major funding for  100,000 new police officers, it also banned the manufacture of many semi-automatic firearms and expanded the federal death penalty.   It has been said in retrospect, that the bill was also responsible for the large increase in African American and Hispanic incarceration. As the first  lady, Hillary Clinton was a strong advocate of the  bill and lobbied for it in Congress. She has since spoken out against part of it, saying that it is time to revisit it. While in the House, Bernie Sanders also voted in favor of the bill, but he originally supported a revised bill that abolished the federal death penalty in exchange for life sentences. When the revised bill was rejected, Sanders voted for the final bill that included the expansion of the federal death penalty. Spokespersons for Sanders have said that his support was due largely to the Violence Against Women Act and assault weapons ban.   Hillary Clinton Supports the Death Penalty (But Struggles With It) Hillary Clinton has taken a more cautious stand than Sanders. During the same February MSNBC debate, Clinton said that she was concerned about how the death penalty is handled on a state level and that she has a lot more confidence in the federal system. â€Å"For very limited, particularly heinous crimes, I believe it is an appropriate punishment, but I deeply disagree with the way that too many states are still implementing it,† Clinton said. Clinton was also confronted with questions about her views on the death penalty during a CNN-hosted Democratic town hall on March 14, 2016. Ricky Jackson, an Ohio man who spent 39 years in prison and came â€Å"perilously close† to being executed, and who was later found to be innocent, was emotional when he asked Clinton, In light of what Ive just shared with you and in light of the fact that there are undocumented cases of innocent people who have been executed in our country. I would like to know how you can still take your stance on the death penalty. Clinton again voiced her concerns, saying, The states have proven themselves incapable of carrying out fair trials that give any defendant all the rights that defendants should have... She also said she would breathe a sigh of relief if State Supreme Courts eliminated the death penalty. She then added that she still supported it in rare cases on a federal level for terrorist and mass murderers. â€Å"If it were possible to separate the federal from the state system by the Supreme Court,† Clinton added, confusingly, â€Å"that would, I think, be an appropriate outcome,† a statement some critics referred to as back peddling.   Donald Trump Supports the Death Penalty (and Would Likely Inject the Needle)    On December 10, 2015, Donald Trump announced to several hundred police union members in Milford, New Hampshire, that one of the first things he would do as president would be to sign a statement that anybody that kills a police officer would get the death penalty. He made the announcement after he accepted the endorsement of the New England Police Benevolent Association. One of the first things I would do, in terms of making an executive order if I win, would be to sign a strong, strong statement that will go out to the country—out to the world—that anybody killing a policeman, policewoman, a police officer—anybody killing a police officer, the death penalty. Its going to happen, OK? We can’t let this go. In  1989,  Trump  earned his pro-death penalty status after taking out a full-page ad in four New York City newspapers titled, BRING BACK THE DEATH PENALTY! BRING BACK THE POLICE! It was assumed that his actions were in reference to the May 1989 brutal rape of a woman who was jogging in Central Park, although he never made reference to the attack. Known as the case of the Central Park Five, the sentences of the  five males convicted of the rape were later vacated after serial rapist and murderer, Matias Reyes, confessed to the crime. The DNA evidence was reexamined and matched Reyes and it was the only semen found on the victim. In 2014,  the Central Park Five settled a civil case with the city for $41 million dollars. It has also been said that Trump was furious about it.

Karl Marx s Influence On Leadership And Legacy - 1129 Words

Ever since the creation of man, society has been trying to achieve harmony between its citizens and establish a utopia in which everyone can live in peace and harmony. During the 1800s many citizens of capitalist countries believed that they were living in this utopia, however the working class begged to differ. It was not until the mid-1800s that someone finally stood up for these proletarians as this man believed that the exploitation of members of the working class was unfair. This person was called Karl Marx. This German philosopher inspired workers to rise up and challenge injustices and exploitations. In addition, his views on life and the social structure of his time revolutionized the way people think. It was not until Karl Marx†¦show more content†¦However not much information is known about Henrietta. When Karl Marx turned 6 he was baptized along with his other siblings. Karl Marx had 8 siblings and was the third oldest of his siblings, five of which were sisters. Karl was educated at home until he was 12 then he enrolled in the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium. After graduating from Friedrich-Wilhelm, Marx entered Bonn University to study law but his father later removed him from this university as Karl was spending much of his time socializing and running up large debts. However, in the October of 1835 Marx was enrolled in the University of Berlin. In the University of Berlin Karl studied law, as a result of his father’s intent on Karl becoming a lawyer, and philosophy. While attending the University of Berlin, Karl joined a radical group of students called the Young Hegelians, who criticized the political and religious establishments of the day. This resulted in the start of Karl Marx becoming more politically zealous. At the same time Karl Marx had been secretly engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, an upper-class German. Already, Karl was starting to cause his father angst. After graduating from the University of Berlin, Karl Marx atten ded the University of Jena in hopes of earning his doctorate in philosophy in order to become a university lecturer. However, in 1838, Karl’s father, Heinrich, passed away.

System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods Free Essays

Summary of Recommendations This company has established a new accounting information system to assist in all three stores. As part of this system, this firm recommends utilizing audit productivity software to enhance the system already recommended by this firm. Using audit productivity software will decrease the time necessary to audit the accounts as this will now be computerized. We will write a custom essay sample on System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will also increase profitability by decreasing money and time spent in the audit process and Kudler will be able to make alterations to the process more quickly than if audits were handled manually. Another recommendation by this firm would be the installation of continuous audit software that would continually monitor the data being input into the system. This would increase the effectiveness of auditing the stores. With the continuous audit software, Kudler would be able to follow-up on any abnormalities earlier as this software runs automatically. This would assist Kudler in handling any fraud issues that might arise as well. System Integrity and Validation Kudler Fine Foods hired this corporation to establish a new electronic data system to handle the accounting and inventory needs of the company. As part of the proposal, this company will recommend ways to audit the information that the system creates. Once the data has been input into the system, audit procedures can take place to ensure the information is correct and that the company is performing well. This company will help Kudler establish audit processes for each area of the business. As Kudler moves forward with the new automated accounting software as recommended earlier, it is important that an auditing process be established also. Since the accounting process has been converted to an accounting information system, computerized audit productivity software needs to be established as well. This will increase the productivity and profitability of Kudler because the data used by either internal auditors or external auditors can be more quickly obtained and analyzed than doing the process manually. Kudler will need to determine which software works best for the needs of the company. Electronic work papers have many features to evaluate which include the importing of data, the analysis of that data, being able to export this data to excel or other formats, and automatically generating the working papers at the conclusion of the audit. All the recommendations for Kudler Foods are to make the company more profitable and automated. Computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) â€Å"assist auditors in obtaining sufficient, reliable, relevant, and useful evidence to support predefined audit objectives† (Hunton, p. 184). It is important that Kudler audit the accounts even though the company is not a publically held company. As outlined previously, this company recommends different auditing techniques depending on the area being audited, but highly recommends the findings and recommendations audit to ensure that the new system is operating appropriately and the information is accurate. There are 10 key steps in the CAATs system that range from planning and implementation to documenting in the work papers. With each audit, it is critical that the auditor know what information is being looked for so when the data is accumulated, the auditor will understand the data and know if it is accurate. The auditor will work closely with the accounting personnel at Kudler to determine the objective of the audit. Based on the objective, the correct auditing format will be chosen. The ISACA Standards Board has issued guidelines governing the use of CAATs and provides guidance to the auditors. There are two categories of techniques that CAATs is used for. The first is to validate the application integrity, â€Å"the objective being to determine whether the source code has been compromised, either intentionally or unintentionally† (Hunton, p. 188). Tests might be run with a parallel simulation to determine if the software is working properly. In this situation, the auditor will create a test set of data and run the auditing techniques against that data. If the system creates the expected set of data, then the system is working as it should. The second category is to verify the data integrity. This technique centers around data extraction and analysis to ensure the data is imported and exported correctly. With using an automated system, Kudler auditors can pull all the information and test for accuracy or abnormalities instead of only being able to pull a sample of the data. These two techniques help to validate the testing that will occur against the real data being reviewed for Kudler Foods. The CAATs is also used to detect any type of fraud that is occurring within the company. By using an automated accounting system along with the automated auditing system, Kudler has the ability to review 100% of the data and locate duplicates and gaps in the data. By using an automated system, Kudler can not only validate the integrity of the application and data, but also determine what could possibly be missing. A continuous audit technique might be one choice to consider for Kudler as it might work well for detecting fraud. A continue audit would be a program that is imbedded within the software that will look for things outside the norm. This would enable Kudler to find erroneous information faster. According to investopidia (2013), a continuous audit is â€Å"an auditing process that examines accounting practices continuously throughout the year. Continuous audits are usually technology-driven and designed to automate error checking and data verification in real time. A continuous audit driven system generates alarm triggers that provide advance notice about anomalies and errors detected by the system. † By using the continuous audit, this could be a time saver not only in auditing but in detecting the issues within the system and correcting them more quickly. How to cite System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods, Papers System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods Free Essays This company has established a new accounting information system to assist in all three stores. As part of this system, this firm recommends utilizing audit productivity software to enhance the system already recommended by this firm. Using audit productivity software will decrease the time necessary to audit the accounts as this will now be computerized. We will write a custom essay sample on System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will also increase profitability by decreasing money and time spent in the audit process and Kudler will be able to make alterations to the process more quickly than if audits were handled manually. Another recommendation by this firm would be the installation of continuous audit software that would continually monitor the data being input into the system. This would increase the effectiveness of auditing the stores. With the continuous audit software, Kudler would be able to follow-up on any abnormalities earlier as this software runs automatically. This would assist Kudler in handling any fraud issues that might arise as well. System Integrity and Validation Kudler Fine Foods hired this corporation to establish a new electronic data system to handle the accounting and inventory needs of the company. As part of the proposal, this company will recommend ways to audit the information that the system creates. Once the data has been input into the system, audit procedures can take place to ensure the information is correct and that the company is performing well. This company will help Kudler establish audit processes for each area of the business. As Kudler moves forward with the new automated accounting software as recommended earlier, it is important that an auditing process be established also. Since the accounting process has been converted to an accounting information system, computerized audit productivity software needs to be established as well. This will increase the productivity and profitability of Kudler because the data used by either internal auditors or external auditors can be more quickly obtained and analyzed than doing the process manually. Kudler will need to determine which software works best for the needs of the company. Electronic work papers have many features to evaluate which include the importing of data, the analysis of that data, being able to export this data to excel or other formats, and automatically generating the working papers at the conclusion of the audit. All the recommendations for Kudler Foods are to make the company more profitable and automated. Computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) â€Å"assist auditors in obtaining sufficient, reliable, relevant, and useful evidence to support predefined audit objectives† (Hunton, p. 184). It is important that Kudler audit the accounts even though the company is not a publically held company. As outlined previously, this company recommends different auditing techniques depending on the area being audited, but highly recommends the findings and recommendations audit to ensure that the new system is operating appropriately and the information is accurate. There are 10 key steps in the CAATs system that range from planning and implementation to documenting in the work papers. With each audit, it is critical that the auditor know what information is being looked for so when the data is accumulated, the auditor will understand the data and know if it is accurate. The auditor will work closely with the accounting personnel at Kudler to determine the objective of the audit. Based on the objective, the correct auditing format will be chosen. The ISACA Standards Board has issued guidelines governing the use of CAATs and provides guidance to the auditors. There are two categories of techniques that CAATs is used for. The first is to validate the application integrity, â€Å"the objective being to determine whether the source code has been compromised, either intentionally or unintentionally† (Hunton, p. 188). Tests might be run with a parallel simulation to determine if the software is working properly. In this situation, the auditor will create a test set of data and run the auditing techniques against that data. If the system creates the expected set of data, then the system is working as it should. The second category is to verify the data integrity. This technique centers around data extraction and analysis to ensure the data is imported and exported correctly. With using an automated system, Kudler auditors can pull all the information and test for accuracy or abnormalities instead of only being able to pull a sample of the data. These two techniques help to validate the testing that will occur against the real data being reviewed for Kudler Foods. The CAATs is also used to detect any type of fraud that is occurring within the company. By using an automated accounting system along with the automated auditing system, Kudler has the ability to review 100% of the data and locate duplicates and gaps in the data. By using an automated system, Kudler can not only validate the integrity of the application and data, but also determine what could possibly be missing. A continuous audit technique might be one choice to consider for Kudler as it might work well for detecting fraud. A continue audit would be a program that is imbedded within the software that will look for things outside the norm. This would enable Kudler to find erroneous information faster. According to investopidia (2013), a continuous audit is â€Å"an auditing process that examines accounting practices continuously throughout the year. Continuous audits are usually technology-driven and designed to automate error checking and data verification in real time. A continuous audit driven system generates alarm triggers that provide advance notice about anomalies and errors detected by the system. † By using the continuous audit, this could be a time saver not only in auditing but in detecting the issues within the system and correcting them more quickly. How to cite System Integrity and Validation Kudler Foods, Papers

Optimism An Important Part of Survival in College Essay Sample free essay sample

Research Issue Optimism is a peculiar component of human development that involves a individual holding positive ideas about life and populating itself. Although remaining with a positive attitude towards populating seems to be an easy attack to the things experienced. its existent application appears to be the hardest process of remaining alive in this disruptive universe of challenges and disheartenments. WHAT has happened to optimism? Has it become a casualty in this modern universe that marks its rhythms by its wars? Before World War I optimism had reached an all-time extremum. A glorious hereafter was foreseen. Declared an high British solon. William Ewart Gladstone: â€Å"The universe grows better from century to century. Let pessimism be absent from our heads. and allow optimism throw its glorification over all our psyches and all our lives henceforth and of all time. † That â€Å"henceforth† was all excessively short. for where is optimism in this postwar universe? For many people it is dead. Hope for optimism is dead. says Chaplain John McGill Krumm of Columbia University. Talking to senior pupils. the university chaplain declared that he thought the most serious casualty of the 20th century was the â€Å"death of optimism. † The traditional position of optimism. that â€Å"things will acquire better. † said the reverend. is dead. â€Å"We have the ability to do the Earth uninhabitable. All that stands between us and that destiny is the hapless small shop of wisdom and forbearance and good will that mankind and its leaders have been able to breed. † Anyone who has looked at life with an oculus to history. he explained. could barely be an optimist now. The state of affairs today. he said. is â€Å"absolutely alone in history. † and optimism is dead â€Å"beyond any hope of Resurrection. †Ã¢â‚¬â€New York Times. May 30. 1955. Not merely reverends have put optimism’s name in the obituary column. Politicians. scientists and historiographers in mounting Numberss admit that. though they believe in the inevitableness of alteration. they can anticipate nil but a dark hereafter. Declared Adlai Stevenson. after Eisenhower’s triumph last twelvemonth: â€Å"Let us give the Administration all responsible support in the troubled times in front. † So optimism’s decease has non left a vacancy in the house of world ; pessimism has moved in with all its glooming luggage. including a chestful of popular books about a dark tomorrow. Even novels sound the somber. pessimistic note. In Philip Wylie’s H. G. Wellsian novel Tomorrow! New York is hydrogenized to a chip and Washington is turned into adust land area by Kremlin bombs. Nonfiction books are every bit black. In his The Following Million Years Charles Darwin. a theoretical physicist. makes a long-range prognosis: the ultimate hereafter of the human race. concludes the author. will be much like its past—deplorable. That pupil of history and political relations. Elmer Davis. takes a close expression at the immediate hereafter in his Two Minutes Till Midnight: â€Å"We are confronting a despairing battle. and there is no certainty at all that we are traveling to win: these are decisions that few people will accept if they can happen any other manner out. † Hypothesiss True. with the many challenges that worlds need to confront today. there is are 100s of grounds out at that place that suggests that optimism is surely needed by the human society. In this peculiar survey. the usage of optimism in the procedure of lasting College life shall be noted as the focal point of the research. Through the said focal point of the subject. the research worker shall mensurate the degree of optimism that is present in the college societies today. The thought that this survey aims to turn out is to demo how much optimism straight affects the full system of understanding that college pupils peculiarly have towards their surveies therefore impacting the ways of accomplishment that are applicable to them in their ain picks of calling. Proposed Review of Literature A recent survey conducted in Finland reaffirmed the belief that pessimism can increase the hazard of mental and physical unwellness. whereas optimism can advance good wellness. About 2. 500 work forces between the ages of 42 and 60 were observed over a period of from 4 to 10 old ages. Harmonizing to the magazine Science News. scientists reported that the work forces with â€Å"moderate to high hopelessness died. . . at two to three times the rate of those describing low or no hopelessness ; the former group besides developed malignant neoplastic disease and bosom onslaughts more often. † True. the degree of pessimism in the universe today is so dismaying and instead upseting particularly with the immature grownups who are seemingly go toing school for better lives in the hereafter. However. with their pessimistic position of their surveies every bit good as with their lives. they end up neglecting their classs and neglecting themselves every bit good. This is a immense component of challenge among pupils today. Obviously. this attack to surveies has made several pupils less interested in school and are therefore faced with the quandary of really managing existent school activities and holding an purpose to accomplish higher than what they could really make for. The surveies. researches and other book mentions that shall be used in this survey shall be authorized through pre-arranged lineations as to how helpful the said mentions would be in turn outing the chief subject of the survey which refers to optimism as a cardinal component of attitude among college pupils for them to be able to last their surveies. Several universe studies gathered from the cyberspace and other periodicals shall besides be utilised efficaciously to convey out several graphical presentations that shall be expeditiously used to formalize the consequences and discussion subdivision of the survey. Methodology Approach To be able to show actual-based consequences of the survey. the research worker shall incorporate the consequences of the mentions mentioned earlier with the existent survey-interview process that the researcher shall execute towards at least 20 college pupils present in a certain university but are taking different classs severally. This shall give a better contemplation of what really inspires pupils to remain in the class that they are analyzing at present though they are at times merely forced to take the said Fieldss of understanding. Outside the figure of the 20 pupils. there would besides be another group of other 20 Out of School Youths who would besides reply a separate sheet of informational study that would bespeak why they are non traveling to school at nowadays. From the said interviews. the consequences shall be gathered and presented through graphical presentations. The separation of the consequences of the college pupils shall be separated from the consequences of the out of school young persons at first. Subsequently on. to convey out the importance of optimism in the procedure of developing pupils or youths the similar. the said consequences shall be integrated to be able to call the grounds behind the fact that the colleges pupils stay where they are and the out of school young persons intend to remain out of school premises as they already out. A brief presentation of the background of several chosen interviewees shall besides be shown to help the readers in placing what optimism peculiarly played in the lives of the said persons. Expectations and Premises Through this survey. the research worker aims to equilibrate the presentation of the different elements that involve optimism in the lives of college pupils and how they are peculiarly helped by the said attitude to remain where they are amidst all the challenges that they are supposed to confront in the procedure of graduating. With the usage of the presentations that are to be shown in this survey. the elucidation of the importance of optimism shall be intelligibly noted through exemplifying accounts of the state of affairs by which the interviewees of the survey responded severally. SOME individuals go through life with a carefree. carefree frame of head. Such normally are happily unmindful of universe conditions. Those who genuinely are cognizant of universe conditions frequently are really discerning of the hereafter. Thus the New York Times. June 12. 1955. editorialized as follows: â€Å"We have now long lived in a sort of winter of the modern universe. Fear has chilled the blood in our venas and. queerly plenty. there has non been adequate hatred to warm it. This is really non a period of enormous battle. It is. instead. a period of apprehensiveness. This is so. and possibly in the terminal will come to look fortuitously so. because the universe can no longer afford to show its hate—because in black truth hatred is now self-destructive. hatred has become the concluding iciness of decease. † This is the peculiar ground why the research worker expects that this survey shall be strongly utile particularly for pupils holding a difficult clip unders tanding how they are supposed to last their school old ages. Mentions: Segerstrom. Suzanne C. . Shelley E. Taylor. Margaret E. Kemeny. and John L. Fahey. ‘Optimism is Associated With Mood. Coping. and Immune Change in Response to Stress’ . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 74. No. 6. Seligman. Martin E. P. ( 2002 ) . Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Recognize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press. p. 275. ( ISBN 0-7432-2297-0 ) . Patterson. T. G. . A ; Joseph. S. ( 2007 ) . Person-centered personality theory: Support from self-government theory and positive psychological science. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 47 ( 1 ) . 117-139. Fredrickson. B. L. . Mancuso. R. A. . Branigan. C. . A ; Tugade. M. M. ( 2000 ) . The undoing consequence of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion. 24. 237-258.